You may have only had one glass of wine with dinner, but if
you're 55 or older, that single serving may hit you hard enough to make you a
dangerous driver. So, baby boomers, what you suspected is true: you can't party
like you used to.
Sara Jo Nixon, a professor in the departments of psychiatry
and psychology at the University of Florida and doctoral candidate Alfredo
Sklar tested how drinking legally non-intoxicating levels of alcohol affect the
driving skills of two age groups: 36 people ages 25 to 35 and 36 people ages 55
to 70. They found that although neither age group imbibed enough alcohol to put
them over the legal driving limit, a blood alcohol level of 0.08, just one
drink can affect the driving abilities of older drivers.
Based on the study findings published in the journal
Psychopharmacology in February, the researchers say it could be time to
reassess legal blood alcohol levels for all drivers.
"These simulations have been used a lot in looking at
older adults, and they have been used at looking how alcohol affects the
driving of younger adults, but no one's ever looked at the combination of aging
drivers and alcohol," Sklar said.
The study is the latest in a body of work by Nixon and her
team that looks at how even moderate doses of alcohol affect aging adults.
At the beginning of the study, both groups completed a
driving task completely sober. The task took the drivers down a simulated
winding 3-mile stretch of country road. The drivers stared straight ahead at a
large computer monitor. Two computer monitors flanked the first, mimicking the
side windows of a car and what the drivers would see in their peripheral
vision. A stereo system played driving sounds. A console included a steering
wheel and brake and gas pedals. Occasionally, the drivers would encounter an
oncoming car, but they did not encounter other distractions.
"There wasn't even a cow," said Nixon, who also is
co-vice chair and chief of the division of addiction research in the department
of psychiatry in the UF College of Medicine and UF's Evelyn F. and William L.
McKnight Brain Institute.
Researchers assessed the drivers' ability to stay in the
center of their lane and maintain a constant speed. They also looked at how
rapidly they adjusted their steering wheel.
On a later day, the groups were further separated into
groups. The first imbibed a placebo -- a diet lemon-lime soda misted with a
negligible amount of alcohol to mimic the experience of drinking alcohol. A
second group's drink was strong enough to produce a 0.04 percent breath alcohol
level, and a third group's drink gave them a breath alcohol level of 0.065
percent -- still below the federal legal level for drinking of 0.08.
Participants then completed the same driving task they
performed when they were sober. Researchers timed the task so participants'
alcohol levels were declining to mimic a situation in which individuals have a
drink with dinner and then drive home.
In younger adults, the researchers found alcohol consumption
did not affect their measured driving skills at all -- a finding that Nixon
called a "bit surprising." She warned that the absence of effects in
this laboratory setting does not mean that young adult drivers' driving
wouldn't be affected in normal circumstances, driving in a typical, real-world
setting. She noted that the laboratory setting was simplified compared with
real-world driving and that the current data don't address potential problems
in more complex settings.
But for the older drivers, the small, legal levels of
intoxication did affect their driving.
The researchers are evaluating additional study results.
Participants also drove a course through a small-town setting as well as a city
setting, complete with pedestrians, motorists who violated traffic signs and other
challenges. Sklar and others in the laboratory will examine brain
electrophysiological data collected through scalp electrodes embedded in caps
that the subjects were wearing during the drive to study how the brain responds
during the driving test when dosed with alcohol.
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