Research conducted by Duke-NUS
Medical School (Duke-NUS) and Duke University has associated low vitamin D
levels with increased subsequent risk of cognitive decline and impairment in
the Chinese elderly.
Produced primarily in the skin upon
exposure to sunlight, Vitamin D is necessary for maintaining healthy bones and
muscles. It is now believed to also play a significant role in maintaining
healthy brain function. An increased risk of cardiovascular and
neurodegenerative diseases has been observed in those with low vitamin D
levels, and studies from Europe and North America have linked low vitamin D
levels with future cognitive decline.
This study asks similar questions of
vitamin D levels and cognition in the Chinese elderly. It is the first
large-scale prospective study in Asia to study the association between vitamin
D status and risk of cognitive decline and impairment in the Chinese elderly.
1,202 study subjects greater than or equal to 60 years of age from the Chinese Longitudinal
Health Longevity Survey took part in this study. Their baseline vitamin D
levels were measured at the start of the study, and their cognitive abilities
were assessed over 2 years.
Regardless of gender and extent of
advanced age, individuals with lower vitamin D levels at the start of the study
were approximately twice as likely to exhibit significant cognitive decline
over time. In addition, low vitamin D levels at baseline also increased the
risk of future cognitive impairment by 2-3 times.
"Although this study was
conducted on subjects from China, the results are applicable to regions in Asia
where a large proportion of the elderly are ethnically Chinese, like
Singapore," said Professor David Matchar, first author of the study and
Director of the Health Services and Systems Research Programme at Duke-NUS
Medical School.
These findings reinforce the notion
that vitamin D protects against neuron damage and loss, and call for more
intensive investigations into the effects of vitamin D supplements on cognitive
decline. Better understanding of the mechanism by which vitamin D protects
neurons may help identify effective interventions to stem the rapidly
increasing prevalence of cognitive decline observed in aging populations.
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