Tests carried out on a group of 100 people show the thinking skills that influence how we respond to people's points of view deteriorate with age.
Linguists used a series of computerised listening and visual tests to assess thinking skills in the group, whose ages ranged from 17 to 84 years old.
The team tested how participants' attention skills - the ability to concentrate on one thing and ignore another - influenced their ability to consider a partner's perspective in conversation.
The researchers, from The University of Edinburgh and Northwestern University in Illinois, completed two listening tests to assess two types of attention skills.
Firstly, they tracked inhibition - the ability to focus and ignore distracting information.
Then they monitored switching - the ability to shift focus between two different sounds and filter relevant information.
Researchers asked participants to describe one of four objects to a partner who could only see three of the objects. The researchers found older participants were more likely to mention details about the hidden object, revealing irrelevant information to their partner.
The team found an age-related decline in attention switching skills, and that this ability determined how older adults responded to their partner's perspective.
For younger adults, their ability to filter distracting information was what determined their ability to consider others' perspectives more effectively.
Lead researcher Madeleine Long, of the University of Edinburgh's School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, said: "The study identified two attentional functions that influence whether we consider another's point of view and how that changes as we age. This is particularly important for older adults who are more susceptible to revealing private information.
"We hope these findings can be used to design targeted training that helps older adults improve these skills and avoid embarrassing and potential risky communicative errors."
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