Staying physically active is far more likely to determine a
woman's future risk of heart disease than any other well-known factor,
including smoking, obesity and high blood pressure, a new study reports.
Looking across the lifespan of Australian women using data
on more than 32,000 of them, University of Queensland researchers found that
physical inactivity served as the leading risk factor for heart disease at
every age from the early 30s to late 80s.
"We have to get everyone to move more," said lead
author Wendy Brown, director of the university's Center for Research on
Exercise, Physical Activity and Health. "From about age 30, physical
activity levels decline. We need to do everything we can to prevent this."
Even though this study was conducted in Australia, American
women should figure that physical inactivity will affect their risk of heart
disease in much the same way, said Dr. Michael Scott Emery, co-chair of the
American College of Cardiology's Sports and Exercise Cardiology Council.
"They're both very developed countries, and developed
countries tend to have the same general themes of health issues," said
Emery, a cardiologist in Greenville, S.C.
The study measured the top four risk factors for heart
disease in Australia -- excess weight, smoking, high blood pressure and
physical inactivity. Together, the factors account for more than half the heart
disease across the globe, the researchers said in background information.
The researchers used data drawn from more than 32,000
participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Since
1996, this study has been keeping tabs on the long-term health of women born
during specific generational periods, including 1921 to 1926, 1946 to 1951, and
1973 to 1978.
They analyzed how the women's health would improve if each
specific risk factor vanished -- for example, if no one ever smoked or everyone
had an ideal body weight.
Younger women were more likely to smoke, they found, which
drove heart disease risk up by 59 percent and made smoking the most important
contributor to heart disease among the youngest adults.
But smoking rates fell from 28 percent in women between the
ages of 22 and 27 to 5 percent in women 73 to 78 years old, while physical
inactivity and high blood pressure increased steadily across all women's
lifespans from ages 22 to 90.
In findings published May 8, 2014 in the online British
Journal of Sports Medicine, the researchers
concluded that from age 30 until the late 80s, low physical activity levels
were responsible for higher levels of heart disease risk than any other risk
factor. Remaining inactive raised women's risk of heart disease an average of
33 percent for middle-aged women and 24 percent for older women, they determined.
If every woman between the ages of 30 and 90 were able to
reach the recommended weekly exercise quota -- 150 minutes of at least
moderate-intensity physical activity -- then the lives of more than 2,000
middle-aged and older women could be saved each year in Australia alone, the
researchers concluded.
That recommended weekly exercise quota is the same for both
the United States and Australia.
Brown noted that the type of exercise doesn't necessarily
matter, as long as a woman becomes more physically active.
"Aerobic exercise and activity is very important for
cardiovascular and metabolic health, and strength training is very important
for musculoskeletal health that maintains the ability to conduct activities of
daily living in older age," she said. "So both are important."
Physical activity tends to play a key role in heart health
because it affects so many other risk factors, said Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a
cardiologist and medical director of the Women's Heart Program at NYU Langone
Medical Center in New York City. For example, exercise helps lower blood
pressure, reduce body fat and improve blood sugar levels.
"If you want to do one thing to prevent heart disease,
you should exercise," Goldberg added. "We need people to become more
active again, and the way you can do that is to make it part of your life, like
brushing your teeth."
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