A diet that combines unsaturated fats with nitrite-rich
vegetables, such as olive oil and lettuce, can protect you from hypertension,
suggests a new study led by King's College London. The findings, published in
the journal PNAS, help to explain why
some previous studies have shown that a Mediterranean diet can reduce blood
pressure.
The Mediterranean diet typically includes unsaturated
fats found in olive oil, nuts and avocados, along with vegetables like spinach,
celery and carrots that are rich in nitrites and nitrates.
When these two food groups are combined, the reaction of
unsaturated fatty acids with nitrogen compounds in the vegetables results in
the formation of nitro fatty acids.
The study, supported by the British Heart Foundation,
used mice to investigate the process by which these nitro fatty acids lower
blood pressure, looking at whether they inhibited an enzyme known as soluble
Epoxide Hydrolase which regulates blood pressure.
Mice genetically engineered to be resistant to this
inhibitory process were found to maintain their high blood pressure despite
being fed the type of nitro fatty acids that normally form when a Mediterranean
diet is consumed. However, nitro fatty acids were found to lower the blood
pressure of normal mice following the same diets.
Thus, the study concludes that the protective effect of
the Mediterranean diet, combining unsaturated fats and vegetables abundant in
nitrite and nitrate, comes at least in part from the nitro fatty acids
generated which inhibit soluble Epoxide Hydrolase to lower blood pressure.
Professor Philip Eaton,
Professor of Cardiovascular Biochemistry at King's College London, said:
"The findings of our study help to explain why previous research has shown
that a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts can
reduce the incidence of cardiovascular problems like stroke, heart failure and
heart attacks."
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